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The ABCs disseminate Death
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β-Lactams and β-Lactamase Inhibitors: An Overview
Abstract
β-Lactams are the most widely used class of antibiotics. Since the discovery of benzylpenicillin in the 1920s, thousands of new penicillin derivatives and related β-lactam classes of cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams, and carbapenems have been discovered. Each new class of β-lactam has been developed either to increase the spectrum of activity to include additional bacterial species or to address specific resistance mechanisms that have arisen in the targeted bacterial population. Resistance to β-lactams is primarily because of bacterially produced β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam ring, thereby inactivating the drug. The newest effort to circumvent resistance is the development of novel broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors that work against many problematic β-lactamases, including cephalosporinases and serine-based carbapenemases, which severely limit therapeutic options. This work provides a comprehensive overview of β-lactam antibiotics that are currently in use, as well as a look ahead to several new compounds that are in the development pipeline.
The most widely used antibiotics are the β-lactams (e.g., penicillin). Efforts to develop broad-spectrum inhibitors of bacterially produced β-la
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Dr Christopher Hackney
Senior Lecturer
- Email: christopher.hackney@ncl.ac.uk
- Telephone: 0191 2087920
- Address: School of Geography, Politics and Sociology
Room 3.118
Henry Daysh Building
Chris Hackney is a Senior Lecturer in Physical Geography in the School of Geography, Politics and Sociology. He obtained his PhD from the University of Southampton in 2013 and was a PDRA on a NERC funded research project investigating sediment transport and erosion in large alluvial rivers until 2015. He then moved to the University of Hull where he was a research fellow until 2020.
Chris researches sediment and water transport through river and delta systems, particularly in South East Asian deltas such as the Mekong, Red and Irrawaddy systems. He is interested in the way that humans are impacting natural fluvial processes, with a particular focus on sand mining, and how these impacts ultimately affect the populations and communities which make deltaic regions their home. He is a National Geographic Explorer, co-leading the Rivers of Plastic project.
For a full list of publications, please see my Google Scholar page or visit my webpage.
Research Interests
Natural and human alterations to sediment and water loads in large rivers and deltas